Extreme rainfall refers to unusually intense and heavy rainfall events that can result in flooding, landslides, and other hazardous conditions. This research area focuses on understanding the causes and characteristics of extreme rainfall events, as well as predicting and mitigating their impacts on society and the environment. Researchers in this field study various factors that contribute to extreme rainfall, such as climate change, atmospheric dynamics, and land use patterns. They also develop models and tools to forecast extreme rainfall events and assess their potential risks and vulnerabilities. Overall, research in extreme rainfall aims to improve our ability to prepare for and respond to these extreme weather events in order to reduce their negative impacts.